Compare two Polaroid advertisements

When looking at advertisements 1 and 2, the differences are quite substantial, especially considering they were both advertising for the same product and are both composed of a picture of a Polaroid camera and a text underneath it. Whilst comparing the two pictures we noticed that the first advertisement is from 1956 and the second advertisement is from the 21st century. One thing that struck us immediately when comparing and contrasting the two advertisements is the main focus. While the modern one focuses on the Polaroid camera itself and shows nothing but the product, the older one chooses to feature on a gentleman on a lively street who is looking at a Polaroid camera in a shop window. In addition to this, the texts are very different as well. From analyzing advertisement 2 it is clear to see an explicit reference to the NSA scandal in 2013, the issue of privacy and how this official government organization was spying on basically the entire world. It appeals to everybody’s wish to maintain their human right to keep their private life private by saying that this fantastic Polaroid camera leaves your photos to you and nobody but you, unless you want to share them. However, advertisement 2 does not really tell you to buy the camera. It only implies that it might be favorable if you bought it. The older advertisement, on the other hand, describes the actual process of purchasing the magnificent new camera. It actually tells you to purchase the product by saying “go ahead...get it!”. These substantial differences in message can be explained by the fact that the 1950s were a period of wealth and economic growth. People had money and were eager to spend it. In conclusion we can say that these two Polaroid advertisements are very distinct indeed, even though it does not seem that way at the first glance.

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Abstracts Biologial Warfare!

The bioscience revolution & the biological weapons threat: levers & interventions:

In December 2008, the US Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism, released a report, World At Risk. The Report points to the fact that, not only is the use of a weapon of mass destruction in a terrorist attack before the end of 2013, more likely than not, but also to the fact that terrorists are more likely to be able to obtain and use biological weapons than nuclear. This paper examines the recommendations of the report in the context of the historic and geopolitical changes, in particular globalization. The authors highlight the "dual-use" dilemma, as described in the report, as the paradoxical use of technology developed for the benefit of mankind being used for sinister purposes. The mitigation of such a threat lies in broad stakeholder involvement and cooperation, including non-state actors, governments and the bio-tech industry itself. The importance of vigilance measures within the life science community is emphasized and, the authors propose, could include a web-based didactic course in bioterrorism and weapons of mass destruction identification. The site could outline safety protocols, have detailed disaster management tutorials, and could be specifically tailored for different subsets of industry and health professionals. The paper concludes with an endorsement of a multi-pronged approach including strong international guidelines and intelligence cooperation and preparatory measures such as the wide-spread use of detection systems as well as diagnostic decision support systems for bioterrorism detection at the local level.

• I can find: Aim of research, precise focus, the methodology/theories/techniques used, the materials & subjects involved, time & location, a summary of the main results 
• Purpose, Scope, Methods and Findings/Interpretation ar included in the acstract. 
• I thus think that it is a good descriptive abstract.

Biological Warfare Agents:

The recent bioterrorist attacks using anthrax spores have emphasized the need to detect and decontaminate critical facilities in the shortest possible time. There has been a remarkable progress in the detection, protection and decontamination of biological warfare agents as many instrumentation platforms and detection methodologies are developed and commissioned. Even then the threat of biological warfare agents and their use in bioterrorist attacks still remain a leading cause of global concern. Furthermore in the past decade there have been threats due to the emerging new diseases and also the re-emergence of old diseases and development of antimicrobial resistance and spread to new geographical regions. The preparedness against these agents need complete knowledge about the disease, better research and training facilities, diagnostic facilities and improved public health system. This review on the biological warfare agents will provide information on the biological warfare agents, their mode of transmission and spread and also the detection systems available to detect them. In addition the current information on the availability of commercially available and developing technologies against biological warfare agents has also been discussed. The risk that arise due to the use of these agents in warfare or bioterrorism related scenario can be mitigated with the availability of improved detection technologies.

• There is a lot of bla bla at the beginning, like a general introduction, that is not needed. 
• The focus of the author's intention is given in the last few sentences, and a hint of the findings can be found in the last sentence. 
• I think it's a bad abstract because it just gives too little information.

Recognizing the real threat of biological terror:

Weapons of mass destruction can be used to harm and terrorize populations. Such weapons include those with chemical, nuclear or biological properties. Obviously computer viruses can add additional barriers to a quick response. The most effective, least costly and greatest threats are biologicals. Biological terror is not new, and biological weapons have been used for centuries. However, as a result of modern technology, the risks are greater now and the outcomes more terrible. Today they include live pathogens, various toxins, and theoretically "bioregulators"--biochemicals affecting cell signaling. Altered cell signaling could be used to induce apoptosis-cell death, or a heightened outpouring of cytokines mimicking overwhelming sepsis, or even an intracellular, biochemical "strike" causing cellular paralysis. Biological weaponeers now have the frightening ability to alter the genetic makeup of pathogens, rendering them resistant not only to available antibiotic therapy but also to currently effective vaccines. In dark corners of some fringe groups, bioweaponeers are searching for the capability of designing pathogens that target specific races, by virtue of discriminating ligands (1). The resulting morbidity and mortality from use of any biological weapons will be accompanied by chaos, governmental and social instability, panic, an extraordinary utilization of available resources, and an ongoing epidemic of sleepless nights (2,3). Herein I will review some of the issues and some of the currently available biological weapons. The major goal is to highlight the clinical presentations of patients with infections that could be used as biological weapons.

• Again, an awful lot of bla bla. 
• The last two sentences describe the scope in very basic terms, but all the other information is missing. 
• I think it's a bad abstract because it just doesn't give away anything.

Botulinum toxin: Bioweapon & magic drug:

Botulinum neurotoxins, causative agents of botulism in humans, are produced by Clostridium botulinum, an anaerobic spore-former Gram positive bacillus. Botulinum neurotoxin poses a major bioweapon threat because of its extreme potency and lethality; its ease of production, transport, and misuse; and the need for prolonged intensive care among affected persons. A single gram of crystalline toxin, evenly dispersed and inhaled, can kill more than one million people. The basis of the phenomenal potency of botulinum toxin is enzymatic; the toxin is a zinc proteinase that cleaves neuronal vesicle associated proteins responsible for acetylcholine release into the neuromuscular junction. As a military or terrorist weapon, botulinum toxin could be disseminated via aerosol or by contamination of water or food supplies, causing widespread casualties. A fascinating aspect of botulinum toxin research in recent years has been development of the most potent toxin into a molecule of significant therapeutic utility. It is the first biological toxin which is licensed for treatment of human diseases. In the late 1980s, Canada approved use of the toxin to treat strabismus, in 2001 in the removal of facial wrinkles and in 2002, the FDA in the United States followed suit. The present review focuses on both warfare potential and medical uses of botulinum neurotoxin.

• Once again, a long general introduction, and only the last sentence tells the focus of the review. Everything else is simply missing, so, not a good abstract.

The bioscience revolution & the biological weapons threat: levers & interventions

Go to:

Abstract

In December 2008, the US Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism, released a report, World At Risk

Average Joe: "How I was blackmailed into destroying our oceans and everything within"

Dear John,

when you receive this letter I will already be dead. I am truly and deeply sorry for finally having to take that step, but maybe you will understand by the end of this letter.

You know how it was my decision to authorise the drill for oil only 150km from the Southern Ocean Whale Sanctuary last year. You saw my suffering, my fear, my helplessness, but you never understood why I was so terribly afraid. I knew that it was too risky to drill for oil there. Anything can happen at any time in these regions, the weather is unpredictable and so are the oil fields. These reserves are not explored enough, and we do not know how to react to the potential risks and dangers there.

Yet I approved of the drill. Me, who was the first CEO of HansonOil who ever cared about nature, cared about animals and wanted to find a middle course between men's greed for oil and conserving our ever so fragile ecosystem.

I authorised this catastrophic drill, and now everything's lost.

What made me take this decision is something so common at the moment, I should have expected it to happen to me as well. They blackmailed me. I don't know who it was, but they said that, should I not approve of the drill, they would kill me. But not the humane way with a bullet in the head or a decent amount of poison, they threatened to infect me. When I read that message I could only think of Jack Glomber. There was nothing but his picture in my head. How he suffered throughout the two years after his infection. How the doctors thought they'd cured him over and over again, yet after a week he was coughing blood again. It never ended until he jumped off that bridge. Honestly, I don't think it would ever have ended. The doctors found treatment for his symptoms but never a cure for his - yes, what was it? I only know that he took many unpopular decisions, and that his illness was not natural. His first symptom showed only two weeks after his decision to ban nuclear power plants in Australia. And you know his last words before he jumped off that bridge: "I regret nothing, it was the right decision".

I did not want to approve of this horrific drill, but fear pushed me there. And then, only two months after the drill started it happened. The worst oil spill in human history. Even worse than the one in 2020, and everyone thought that was impossible. Do you know that the oil has not even stopped to spill yet? It's been eight months now, and we were not able to find the leak. Oil still spills out of this stupid hole in the ground, all into our beautiful oceans. Almost half of the liquid surface of our planet is covered with this disgusting oil, and there's barely any life left in our oceans. Which will lead to human extinction as well. There's no way out.

In retrospect I was selfish. Overly selfish. I could have endured an infection, and if not I could have killed myself. I should never have given in to these terrorists or whoever they were! I only bought myself a few months, but now I don't want to live anymore. I just can't stand the guilt anymore. It's overwhelming.

I don't want your forgiveness, I just want you to understand why I did it - even though I hardly understand myself anymore. After all you are the only person I ever truly loved, I am so sorry that this has lead to our divorce.

Please forgive me, and never make the same mistake,
love,

Jennifer Millton